NORML: 肌萎縮性側索硬化症
- Ingrid Wei
- Apr 11
- 3 min read
肌萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS),也稱為路易·基里格病,是一種致命的神經退行性疾病,特徵是脊髓、腦幹和運動皮層的運動神經元選擇性喪失。估計有30,000名美國人罹患ALS,這種病症通常自發性發生,並且影響原本健康的成年人。ALS患者的平均預期壽命為診斷後三至五年。
前臨床模型表明,大麻素具有延緩ALS進展的潛力,這也支持一些患者的經驗報告,認為大麻素可能對調節疾病發展和緩解某些ALS相關症狀(如疼痛、食慾喪失、痙攣、抑鬱和流口水)有效。[1]
例如,位於舊金山的加州太平洋醫學中心的研究者在《肌萎縮性側索硬化症與其他運動神經元疾病》期刊上報告稱,相較於未接受治療的對照組,THC的使用無論是在ALS症狀發生之前或之後,都能延緩疾病進展並延長動物的生存期。[2] 另一項研究中,阿肯色大學的研究者報告稱,給予大麻素激動劑AM-1241的治療使動物的生存率比對照組提高了兩倍以上。“[T]由AM-1241引發的效果在症狀出現時開始的效果與目前報告的任何藥物相比,效果是最好的,即使是那些在症狀出現之前給予的藥物,”作者總結道。[3] 一項使用植物提取的大麻萃取物的研究也在小鼠模型中記錄了疾病早期階段ALS進展的延緩。[4] 最近,科學家們還得出結論認為,CBD可能具有修改ALS疾病進程的潛力。[5]
然而,至今仍缺乏臨床數據證明大麻素在ALS患者中的療效。[6] 一項隨機、安慰劑對照試驗未能發現每日兩次給予5毫克合成THC能夠減輕22名ALS患者的痙攣強度。[7] 目前有一項安慰劑對照試驗正在進行,旨在評估植物提取物是否能夠延緩ALS的進展並延長患者的生存期。[8]
該領域的專家推測,“根據目前可用的科學數據,合理認為大麻可能顯著減緩ALS的進展,可能延長壽命並大大減少疾病的整體負擔。”[9]
其他人也重申了這些觀點,並確認,“[T]有合理的理論基礎來提議在ALS患者的藥物管理中使用大麻素化合物。”[10]
參考文獻
[1] Amtmann et al. 2004. Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care 21: 95-104.
[2] Raman et al. 2004. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: delayed disease progression in mice by treatment with a cannabinoid. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Other Motor Neuron Disorders 5: 33-39.
[3] Shoemaker et al., 2007. The CB2 cannabinoid agonist AM-1241 prolongs survival in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when initiated at symptom onset. Journal of Neurochemistry 101: 87.
[4] Moreno-Martet et al. 2014. Changes in endocannabinoid receptors and enzymes in the spinal cord of SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice and evaluation of Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids: Interest for future therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics 20: 809-815.
[5] Dash et al. 2021. Emerging potential of cannabidiol in reversing proteinpathies. Ageing Research Reviews 65 [online ahead of print].
[6] Lim et al. 2017. A systematic review of the effectiveness of medical cannabis for psychiatric, movement, and neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 30: 301-312.
[7] Weber et al. 2009. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 81: 1135-1140.
[8] Urbi et al. 2019. Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy of cannabis-based medicine extract in slowing the disease proression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neurone disease: The EMRALD trial. BMJ Open 11 [open access journal]
[9] Carter et al. 2010. Cannabis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: hypothetical and practical applications, and a call for clinical trials. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Medicine 27: 347-356.
[10] Giacoppo and Mazzon. 2016. Can cannabinoids be a potential therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Neural Regeneration Research 11: 1869-1899.
原文標題:《Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)》
原文作者:NORML
原始網站:https://norml.org
翻譯者:大麻101
翻譯日期:2025年4月
翻譯聲明:本文章由原文翻譯而來,原文發表於NORML。如需閱讀原文,請訪問 https://norml.org/marijuana/library/recent-medical-marijuana-research/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als/
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