NORML: 亨丁頓氏病

亨丁頓氏病（Huntington disease, HD）是一種遺傳性神經退行性腦部疾病，特徵為運動異常與失智症，主要由大腦皮質，特別是紋狀體的選擇性病變所引起。​目前尚無已知的傳統療法可用於緩解HD症狀或延緩與HD相關的紋狀體退化。​

大麻素具有多種特性，顯示其在治療如亨丁頓氏病等神經退行性疾病方面的潛力[1–4]。​在臨床前模型中，大麻素的施用已顯示出對HD治療的療效[5–7]，並在個案研究中亦有正面結果[8–9]。​

2009年一項隨機對照試驗評估了合成大麻素（納比酮）在44名HD患者中的使用，結果顯示患者在行為和症狀方面有所改善[10]。​隨後的兩項涉及植物大麻提取物（Sativex）的臨床試驗結果不一，其中一項研究未發現患者在統一亨丁頓氏病評分量表（UHDRS）運動子項得分上有顯著變化[11]，而另一項研究則顯示患者在開始大麻治療後，其運動得分有所改善[12]。​

最近，2021年一項對22項研究的文獻綜述評估了大麻或大麻素對震顫、痙攣及其他HD相關症狀的影響，結果指出：「大多數研究顯示統計上顯著的結果，支持醫用大麻的使用，特別是在改善運動症狀和睡眠質量方面。」​儘管作者認為仍需進一步的人體試驗，但他們仍然建議：「醫師應考慮將醫用大麻作為輔助治療，用於緩解症狀，以減緩或逆轉亨丁頓氏病患者的痙攣、震顫、痙直、舞蹈症、肌張力障礙、行為神經精神障礙及睡眠障礙等症狀。」[13]

參考文獻

[1] Luvone et al. 2009. Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders? CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 15: 65-75.

[2] Sagredo et al. 2012. Cannabinoids: Novel Medicines for the Treatment of Huntington’s Disease. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery 7: 41-48.

[3] Gowran et al. 2011. The multiplicity of action of cannabinoids: implications for treating neurodegeneration. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 17: 637-644.

[4] Sagredo et al. 2012. Cannabinoids: novel medicines for the treatment of Huntington’s disease. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery 7: 41-48.

[5] Sagredo et al. 2011. Neuroprotective effects of phytocannabinoid-based medicines in experimental models of Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research 89: 1509-1518.

[6] Valdeolivas et al. 2012. Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids in neuroprotective in malonate-lesioned rats, an inflammatory model of Huntington’s disease: role of CB1 and CB2 receptors. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 16: 400-406.

[7] Valdeolivas et al. 2017. Effects of a Sativex-like combination of phytocannabinoids on disease progression in R6/2 mice, an experimental model of Huntington’s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18: 684.

[8] Meisel and Friedman. 2012. Medical marijuana in Huntington’s disease: report of two cases. Medicine and Health, Rhode Island 95: 178-179.

[9] Curtis and Rickards. 2006. Nabilone could treat chorea and irritability in Huntington’s disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 18: 553-554.

[10] Curtis et al. 2009. A pilot study using nabilone for symptomatic treatment in Huntington’s disease. Movement Disorders 24: 2254-2259.

[11] Lopez-Sendon Moreno et al. 2016. A double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled, pilot trial with Sativex in Huntington’s disease. Journal of Neurology 263:1390-1400.

[12] Saft et al. 2018. Cannabinoids for treatment of dystonia in Huntington’s disease. Journal of Huntington’s Disease 7: 167-179.

[13] Akinyemi et al. 2020. Medical marijuana effects in movement disorders: Focus on Huntington disease; A literature Review. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 23: 389-395.

原文標題：《Huntington Disease》

原文作者：NORML

原始網站：https://norml.org

翻譯者：大麻101

翻譯日期：2025年4月

翻譯聲明：本文章由原文翻譯而來，原文發表於NORML。如需閱讀原文，請訪問 https://norml.org/marijuana/library/recent-medical-marijuana-research/huntingtons-disease/